Sample Business Plan - 4113 Words

RICK’S WICKS XXXX Park University Rick’s Wicks Executive Summary A. Rick’s Wicks is located in the shopping center on Warm Springs Road in Columbus, GA. The phone number is 706 555-5555. B. XXX is the owner and manager of Rick’s Wicks. Mr. XXX is located at XXX C. Rick’s Wicks is a candle emporium that offers a wide variety of candles, candle holders, and candle making supplies. D. Rick’s Wicks intends to appeal to as large a market as possible by offering all major types of candles and candle paraphernalia. The variety of products offered includes those for; decorative purposes, therapeutic value, functional needs, collectable items, and make your own candles. E. Rick’s Wicks†¦show more content†¦Significant Trends In â€Å"The Candle Report, 2003† from Unity Marketing, it is noted that â€Å"consumer demand†¦ is starting to slow, particularly as baby boomers mature beyond the prime 44-years-old-and-younger age range which characterizes the most enthusiastic candle consumers.† (Unit y Marketing, 2003) The â€Å"Home Fragrance and Candle Report, 2005† also from Unity Marketing details that â€Å"The market for candles and home fragrances reached $8.4 billion in 2004 on growth of 14.1% over the previous year. Driven by consumer’s desire for their homes to smell good.† (Unity Marketing, 2005) This trend indicates that as one market segment, baby boomers, may be declining the overall market is increasing and has a healthy growth rate. Growth Rate Unity Marketing in its â€Å"Home Fragrance and Candle Report† has reported an industry growth rate of 14.1% in 2004. (Unity Marketing, 2005) In it’s 2005 annual report to the Securities Exchange Commission The Yankee Candle Company, Inc reported an increase of Retail Sales of 8.5%, an increase of Wholesale Sales of 9.8%, and an increase of Gross Profits of 6.2% for the fiscal year ended Dec, 31 20053. (Securities and Exchange Commission, 2006) Candles for home decorating and alternative healing applications are also showing increasing growth rates. Barriers to Entry and Exit. There are no significantShow MoreRelatedA Sample Business Plan2651 Words   |  11 PagesA SAMPLE BUSINESS PLAN Your Business, Inc. A well-written business plan is a crucial ingredient in preparing for business success. Without a sound business plan, a firm merely drifts along without any real direction. Yet, entrepreneurs, who tend to be people of action, too often jump right into a business venture without taking time to prepare a written plan outlining the essence of the business. 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Sample Apa Research Paper Free Essays

string(120) " than those deprived for 12 hours, who in turn were predicted to perform worse than hose who were not deprived of food\." Sample APA Research Paper Sample Title Page Place manuscript page headers one-half inch from the top. Put five spaces between the page header and the page number. Running on Empty 1 Full title, authors, and school name are centered on the page, typed in uppercase and lowercase. We will write a custom essay sample on Sample Apa Research Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now Running on Empty: The Effects of Food Deprivation on Concentration and Perseverance Thomas Delancy and Adam Solberg Dordt College 34 Sample Abstract Running on Empty Abstract This study examined the effects of short-term food deprivation on two The abstract summarizes the problem, participants, hypotheses, methods used, results, and conclusions. cognitive abilities—concentration and perseverance. Undergraduate students (N-51) were tested on both a concentration task and a perseverance task after one of three levels of food deprivation: none, 12 hours, or 24 hours. We predicted that food deprivation would impair both concentration scores and perseverance time. Food deprivation had no significant effect on concentration scores, which is consistent with recent research on the effects of food deprivation (Green et al. , 1995; Green et al. , 1997). However, participants in the 12-hour deprivation group spent significantly less time on the perseverance task than those in both the control and 24-hour deprivation groups, suggesting that short-term deprivation may affect some aspects of cognition and not others. An APA Research Paper Model Thomas Delancy and Adam Solberg wrote the following research paper for a psychology class. As you review their paper, read the side notes and examine the following: ? The use and documentation of their numerous sources. ? The background they provide before getting into their own study results. The scientific language used when reporting their results. Center the title one inch from the top. Double-space throughout. Running on Empty Running on Empty: The Effects of Food Deprivation on Concentration and Perseverance 3 Many things interrupt people’s ability to focus on a task: distractions, headaches, noisy environments, and even psychological disorders. To some extent, people can control the environmental factors that make it difficult to focus. However, what about internal factors, such as an empty stomach? Can people increase their ability to focus simply by eating regularly? One theory that prompted research on how food intake affects the average person was the glucostatic theory. Several researchers in the 1940s and 1950s suggested that the brain regulates food intake in order to maintain a blood-glucose set point. The idea was that people become hungry when their blood-glucose levels drop significantly below their set point and that they become satisfied after eating, when their blood-glucose levels return to that set point. This theory seemed logical because glucose is the brain’s primary fuel (Pinel, 2000). The earliest investigation of the general effects of food deprivation found that long-term food deprivation (36 hours and longer) was associated with sluggishness, depression, irritability, reduced heart rate, and inability to concentrate (Keys, Brozek, The introduction states the topic and the main questions to be explored. The researchers supply background information by discussing past research on the topic. Extensive referencing establishes support for the discussion. Henschel, Mickelsen, Taylor, 1950). Another study found that fasting for several days produced muscular weakness, irritability, and apathy or depression (Kollar, Slater, Palmer, Docter, Mandell, 1964). Since that time, research has focused mainly on how nutrition affects cognition. However, as Green, Elliman, and Rogers (1995) point out, the effects of food deprivation on cognition have received comparatively less attention in recent years. Running on Empty The relatively sparse research on food deprivation has left room for 4 urther research. First, much of the research has focused either on chronic The researchers explain how their study will add to past research on the topic. starvation at one end of the continuum or on missing a single meal at the other end (Green et al. , 1995). Second, some of the findings have been contradictory. One study found that skipping breakfast impairs certain aspects of cognition, such as problem-solving abilities (Pollitt, Lewis, Garza, Shulman, 1 983). However, other research by M. W. Green, N. A. Elliman, and P. J. Rogers (1995, 1997) has found that food deprivation ranging from missing a single meal to 24 hours without eating does not significantly impair cognition. Third, not all groups of people have been sufficiently studied. Studies have been done on 9–11 year-olds (Pollitt et Clear transitions guide readers through the researchers’ reasoning. al. , 1983), obese subjects (Crumpton, Wine, Drenick, 1966), college-age men and women (Green et al. , 1995, 1996, 1997), and middle-age males (Kollar et al. , 1964). Fourth, not all cognitive aspects have been studied. In 1995 Green, Elliman, and Rogers studied sustained attention, simple reaction time, and immediate memory; in 1996 they studied attentional bias; and in 1997 they studied simple reaction time, two-finger tapping, recognition memory, and free recall. In 1983, another study focused on reaction time and accuracy, intelligence quotient, and problem solving (Pollitt et al. ). According to some researchers, most of the results so far indicate that cognitive function is not affected significantly by short-term fasting (Green et al. , 1995, p. 246). However, this conclusion seems premature due to the relative lack of research on cognitive functions such as concentration and The researchers support their decision to focus on concentration and perseverance. perseverance. To date, no study has tested perseverance, despite its importance in cognitive functioning. In fact, perseverance may be a better indicator than achievement tests in assessing growth in learning and thinking abilities, as perseverance helps in solving complex problems (Costa, 1984). Another study also recognized that perseverance, better learning techniques, and effort are cognitions worth studying (D’Agostino, 1996). Testing as many aspects of cognition as possible is key because the nature of the task is important when interpreting the link between food deprivation and cognitive performance (Smith Kendrick, 1992). Running on Empty The researchers state their initial hypotheses. 5 Therefore, the current study helps us understand how short-term food deprivation affects concentration on and perseverance with a difficult task. Specifically, participants deprived of food for 24 hours were expected to perform worse on a concentration test and a perseverance task than those deprived for 12 hours, who in turn were predicted to perform worse than hose who were not deprived of food. You read "Sample Apa Research Paper" in category "Essay examples" Method Headings and subheadings show the paper’s organization. Participants Participants included 51 undergraduate-student volunteers (32 females, 19 males), some of whom received a small amount of extra credit in a college course. The mean college grade point average (GPA) was 3. 19. Potential participants were excluded if they were dieting, menstruating, or taking special medication. Those who were struggling with or had The experiment’s method is described, using the terms and acronyms of the discipline. truggled with an eating disorder were excluded, as were potential participants addicted to nicotine or caffeine. Materials Concentration speed and accuracy were measured using an online numbers-matching test (www. psychtests. com/tests/iq/concentration. html) that consisted of 26 lines of 25 numbers each. In 6 minutes, participants were required to find pairs of numbers in each line that added up to 10. Scores were calculated as the percentage of correctly identified pairs out of Passive voice is used to emphasize the experiment, not the researchers; otherwise, active voice is used. a possible 120. Perseverance was measured with a puzzle that contained five octagons—each of which included a stencil of a specific object (such as an animal or a flower). The octagons were to be placed on top of each other in a specific way to make the silhouette of a rabbit. However, three of the shapes were slightly altered so that the task was impossible. Perseverance scores were calculated as the number of minutes that a participant spent on the puzzle task before giving up. Procedure At an initial meeting, participants gave informed consent. Each consent form contained an assigned identification number and requested the participant’s GPA. Students were then informed that they would be notified by e-mail and telephone about their assignment to one of the Running on Empty three experimental groups. Next, students were given an instruction The experiment is laid out step by step, with time transitions like â€Å"then† and â€Å"next. † 6 sheet. These written instructions, which we also read aloud, explained the experimental conditions, clarified guidelines for the food deprivation period, and specified the time and location of testing. Participants were randomly assigned to one of these conditions using a matched-triplets design based on the GPAs collected at the initial meeting. This design was used to control individual differences in cognitive ability. Two days after the initial meeting, participants were informed of their group assignment and its condition and reminded that, if they were in a food-deprived group, they should not eat anything after 10 a. m. the next day. Participants from the control group were tested at 7:30 p. m. in a designated computer lab on the day the deprivation started. Those in the 12-hour group were tested at 10 p. m. on that same day. Those in the 24-hour group were tested at 10:40 a. m. on the following day. At their assigned time, participants arrived at a computer lab for testing. Each participant was given written testing instructions, which were also read aloud. The online concentration test had already Attention is shown to the control features. been loaded on the computers for participants before they arrived for testing, so shortly after they arrived they proceeded to complete the test. Immediately after all participants had completed the test and their scores were recorded, participants were each given the silhouette puzzle and instructed how to proceed. In addition, they were told that (1) they would have an unlimited amount of time to complete the task, and (2) they were not to tell any other participant whether they had completed the puzzle or simply given up. This procedure was followed to prevent the group influence of some participants seeing others give up. Any participant still working on the puzzle after 40 minutes was stopped to keep the time of the study manageable. Immediately after each participant stopped working on the puzzle, he/she gave demographic information and completed a few manipulation-check items. We then debriefed and dismissed each participant outside of the lab. Running on Empty Results The writers summarize their findings, including problems encountered. 7 Perseverance data from one control-group participant were eliminated because she had to leave the session early. Concentration data from another control-group participant were dropped because he did not complete the test correctly. Three manipulation-check questions indicated that each participant correctly perceived his or her deprivation condition and had followed the rules for it. The average concentration score was 77. 78 (SD = 14. 21), which was very good considering that anything over 50 percent is labeled â€Å"good† or â€Å"above average. The average time spent on the puzzle was 24. 00 minutes (SD = 10. 16), with a maximum of 40 minutes allowed. We predicted that participants in the 24-hour deprivation group would perform worse on the concentration test and the perseverance task than those in the 12-hour group, who in turn would perform worse than those in the control gro up. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed no significant effect of deprivation condition on concentration, F(2,46) = 1. 06, p = . 36 (see Figure 1). Another one-way ANOVA indicated Figure 1. 100 â€Å"See Figure 1† sends readers to a figure (graph, photograph, chart, or drawing) contained in the paper. All figures and illustrations (other than tables) are numbered in the order that they are first mentioned in the text. Mean score on concentration test 90 80 70 60 50 No deprivation 12-hour deprivation 24-hour deprivation Deprivation Condition The researchers restate their hypotheses and the results, and go on to interpret those results. Running on Empty a significant effect of deprivation condition on perseverance time, F(2,47) = 7. 41, p . 05. Post-hoc Tukey tests indicated that the 12-hour deprivation group (M = 17. 79, SD = 7. 84) spent significantly less time on the perseverance task than either the control group (M = 26. 0, SD = 6. 20) or the 24-hour group (M = 28. 75, SD = 12. 11), with no significant difference between the latter two groups (see Figure 2). No significant effect was found for gender either generally or with specific deprivation conditions, Fs 1. 00. Unexpectedly, food deprivation had no significant effect on concentration scores. Overall, we found support fo r our hypothesis that 12 hours of food deprivation would significantly impair perseverance when compared to no deprivation. Unexpectedly, 24 hours 8 of food deprivation did not significantly affect perseverance relative to the control group. Also unexpectedly, food deprivation did not significantly affect concentration scores. Figure 2. 30 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 No deprivation 12-hour deprivation 24-hour deprivation Mean score on perseverance test Deprivation Condition Discussion The purpose of this study was to test how different levels of food deprivation affect concentration on and perseverance with difficult tasks. Running on Empty they would score on the concentration task, and the less time they would spend on the perseverance task. In this study, those deprived of food did 9 We predicted that the longer people had been deprived of food, the lower ive up more quickly on the puzzle, but only in the 12-hour group. Thus, the hypothesis was partially supported for the perseverance task. However, concentration was found to be unaffected by food deprivation, and thus the hypothesis was not supported for that task. The findings of this study are consistent with those of Green et al. The writers speculate on possible explanations for the unexpected results. (1995), where short-term food deprivation did not affect some aspects of cognition, including attentional focus. Taken together, these findings suggest that concentration is not significantly impaired by short-term food deprivation. The findings on perseverance, however, are not as easily explained. We surmise that the participants in the 12-hour group gave up more quickly on the perseverance task because of their hunger produced by the food deprivation. But why, then, did those in the 24-hour group fail to yield the same effect? We postulate that this result can be explained by the concept of â€Å"learned industriousness,† wherein participants who perform one difficult task do better on a subsequent task than the participants who never took the initial task (Eisenberger Leonard, 1980; Hickman, Stromme, Lippman, 1998). Because participants had successfully completed 24 hours of fasting already, their tendency to persevere had already been increased, if only temporarily. Another possible explanation is that the motivational state of a participant may be a significant determinant of behavior under testing (Saugstad, 1967). This idea may also explain the short perseverance times in the 12-hour group: because these participants took the tests at 10 p. m. , a prime time of the night for conducting business and socializing on a college campus, they may have been less motivated to take the time to work on the puzzle. Research on food deprivation and cognition could continue in several directions. First, other aspects of cognition may be affected by short-term food deprivation, such as reading comprehension or motivation. With respect to this latter topic, some students in this study reported decreased motivation to complete the tasks because of a desire to eat immediately Running on Empty took the tests may have influenced the results: those in the 24-hour 10 after the testing. In addition, the time of day when the respective groups group took the tests in the morning and may have been fresher and more relaxed than those in the 12-hour group, who took the tests at night. Perhaps, then, the motivation level of food-deprived participants could be effectively tested. Second, longer-term food deprivation periods, such as those experienced by people fasting for religious reasons, could be explored. It is possible that cognitive function fluctuates over the duration of deprivation. Studies could ask how long a person can remain focused despite a lack of nutrition. Third, and perhaps most fascinating, studies could explore how food deprivation affects learned industriousness. As stated above, one possible explanation for the better perseverance times in the 24-hour group could be that they spontaneously improved their perseverance faculties by simply forcing themselves not to eat for 24 hours. Therefore, research could study how food deprivation affects the acquisition of perseverance. In conclusion, the results of this study provide some fascinating The conclusion summarizes the outcomes, stresses the experiment’s value, and anticipates further advances on the topic. nsights into the cognitive and physiological effects of skipping meals. Contrary to what we predicted, a person may indeed be very capable of concentrating after not eating for many hours. On the other hand, if one is taking a long test or working long hours at a tedious task that requires perseverance, one may be hindered by not eating for a short time, as shown by the 12- hour group’s performance on the perseverance task. Many people—students, working mothers, and those interested in fasting, to mention a few—have to deal with short-term food deprivation, intentional or unintentional. This research and other research to follow will contribute to knowledge of the disadvantages—and possible advantages—of skipping meals. The mixed results of this study suggest that we have much more to learn about short-term food deprivation. Running on Empty References All works referred to in the paper appear on the reference page, listed alphabetically by author (or title). 11 Costa, A. L. (1984). Thinking: How do we know students are getting better at it? Roeper Review, 6, 197–199. Crumpton, E. , Wine, D. B. , Drenick, E. J. (1966). Starvation: Stress or satisfaction? Journal of the American Medical Association, 196, 394–396. D’Agostino, C. A. F. (1996). Testing a social-cognitive model of achievement motivation. -Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities Social Sciences, 57, 1985. Eisenberger, R. , Leonard, J. M. (1980). Effects of conceptual task Each entry follows APA guidelines for listing authors, dates, titles, and publishing information. difficulty on generalized persistence. American Journal of Psychology, 93, 285–298. Green, M. W. , Elliman, N. A. , Rogers, P. J. (1995). Lack of effect of short-term fasting on cognitive function. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 29, 245–253. Green, M. W. , Elliman, N. A. , Rogers, P. J. (1996). Hunger, caloric preloading, and the selective processing of food and body shape words. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 35, 143–151. Green, M. W. , Elliman, N. A. , Rogers, P. J. (1997). The study effects of food deprivation and incentive motivation on blood glucose levels and cognitive function. Psychopharmacology, 134, 88–94. Hickman, K. L. , Stromme, C. , Lippman, L. G. (1998). Learned Capitalization, punctuation, and hanging indentation are consistent with APA format. ndustriousness: Replication in principle. Journal of General Psychology, 125, 213–217. Keys, A. , Brozek, J. , Henschel, A. , Mickelsen, O. , Taylor, H. L. (1950). The biology of human starvation (Vol. 2). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. Kollar, E. J. , Slater, G. R. , Palmer, J. O. , Docter, R. F. , Mandell, A. J. (1964). Measurement of stress in fasting man. Archiv es of General Psychology, 11, 113–125. Pinel, J. P. (2000). Biopsychology (4th ed. ). Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Running on Empty 12 Pollitt, E. , Lewis, N. L. , Garza, C. , Shulman, R. J. (1982–1983). Fasting and cognitive function. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 17, 169–174. Saugstad, P. (1967). Effect of food deprivation on perception-cognition: A comment [Comment on the article by David L. Wolitzky]. Psychological Bulletin, 68, 345–346. Smith, A. P. , Kendrick, A. M. (1992). Meals and performance. In A. P. Smith D. M. Jones (Eds. ), Handbook of human performance: Vol. 2, Health and performance (pp. 1–23). San Diego: Academic Press. Smith, A. P. , Kendrick, A. M. , Maben, A. L. (1992). Effects of breakfast and caffeine on performance and mood in the late morning and after lunch. Neuropsychobiology, 26, 198–204. How to cite Sample Apa Research Paper, Essays

Strategic Management of Information Systems

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Management of Information Systems. Answer: Decisions taken by Woolworths in the context of the IT/IS strategy In the context of the IT/ IS strategy, the organization had taken the decision that it will let 500 workers to go across its supply chain and support office network. It is because the new chief executive Brad Banduci has taken the decision of restructuring the operating model (iTnews 2016). The chief executives have also taken decision of bringing 1000 workers from the group office for splitting the online EziBuy business. Major challenges faced by Woolworths recently Woolworths is struggling with its relationship with the customers of the company. This is due to the issues of inventory system and replenishment. The company is also bearing the cost of $80 million that is related with the impairment of unspecified IT related assets (iTnews 2016). The relationship of the organization with the customers strained and as a result, it was troubled with $20 million rollout of Sap for commodity systems. Factors that led Woolworth to take decisions The factors that led to performance issue were revealed by the chief executive of Woolworths (Slack 2015). He revealed the the issues are mainly arising due to the recent emergency drill which has been conducted in the month of May at Eastern Creek data which shut down the facility. Due to these many ramifications arises both in the systems of data collection and replenishment. Porters five forces Model Activities Impact Threats of new entrants MEDIUM Threats from the Substitute Products HIGH Threats from Competitive rivalry LOW Bargaining Power of the Customers HIGH Bargaining power of the Suppliers LOW Balance of power The bargaining power of the suppliers is low. On the other hand, the bargaining power of the customers is high. The power can be balanced if a strategy is implemented such that the bargaining power of suppliers or customers does not get affected if one of the factors increases or decreases. Impact on IT/IS strategy The introduction of restructured operating system led Woolworths to spend millions on IT assets (Armstrong and Taylor 2014). This will help in reducing the competition from its rivalries. The customers can get proper online services with the help of digital platform. The threats from new entrants also decreases as the organizations operating model is restructured which will be advantageous for Woolworths. Pros and Cons of IT/IS strategic decision taken by Woolworths There are many advantages and disadvantages of the decision that was taken by Woolworths. Short term The organization invests for restructuring its operating model and for building a digital platform in a market place (Guimares et al. 2016). The decision of investment is advantages as investment in the restructuring of operating model helps in improving the competitive advantage of the company, which is a short term advantage for the organization. Restructuring process in an organization like Woolworths can decrease the image of the company (Heracleous 2013). The customers of the company does not get proper products and services according to their need and demand and as a result the process of restructuring effect the image and brand of the company, which is a short term disadvantage. Long term The advantage of the decision taken by the chief executive of the company helps in preparing sales for the next generation of the company. The investment in the IT sector helps Woolworth in achieving value as well as financial condition of the company. It also helps in expansion of the current business (Durand 2012). The advantages are long term and thus increase the annual revenue of the organization. There are many disadvantages of the decision as investment for restructuring an operating model can create issues or challenges in financial condition of the organization (Whittington 2014). If the restructuring process takes much time then the company can faces huge competition in the market for its existence. Importance of IT in Woolworths Development of IT is very much important for Woolworths. It helps in increasing the growth and revenue of the company. By having a perfect IT technology the company can provide best online services to its customers (Ward and Peppard 2016). The services provided by the company helps in attracting more number of customers which will be beneficial for the company. An effective IT system will help in decreasing the competitive rivalry. No, the management of the company is not underestimating the role as the company is investing millions of dollar for restructuring its operating model and for building a digital platform for the marketplace. Decision of the new Management Yes, I agree with the decision of the new management in writing down millions of dollar in IT investment. The investment was done for building a digital platform for the marketplace and for restructuring the operating model. Investment in IT sector is advantageous as investing in technology is one of the way for supporting the innovation which helps in development of an organization. Investment in IT sector provides growth to an organization (Heracleous 2013). For example, Apples stock prices are continuously rising because of the popularity of the phone due to its features. The Apple Company invests millions of dollar every year in Its IT sector and which resulted growth of the company. Explanation about the CIO of Woolworths The CIO of the company should invest in the IT sector after considering certain options. The restructuring of operating model is made if it is sure that the restructuring of the operating model will have positive impact on the company (Armstrong and Taylor 2014). Before investment financial condition and stock off the company must be checked as it helps in dealing with a challenging issue if the decision will bring any loss in the organization. Woolworths must consider the government backed security. They will provide help to the organization if it faces any problems during its restructuring processes. References Armstrong, M. and Taylor, S., 2014.Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Durand, R., 2012. Advancing strategy and organization research in concert: Towards an integrated model?.Strategic Organization,10(3), p.297. Guimares, C.P., Cid, G.L., Balbio, V. and Macedo, L.P., 2016. Caregivers and Old PeopleDigital Platform for Education and Training.J Community Med Health Educ,6(438), pp.2161-0711. Heracleous, L., 2013. Quantum Strategy at Apple Inc.Organizational Dynamics,42(2), pp.92-99. iTnews. (2016).Woolworths writes down millions in IT assets. [online] Available at: https://www.itnews.com.au/news/woolworths-ditches-500-support-jobs-writes-down-it-assets-431300 [Accessed 25 Aug. 2016]. Slack, N., 2015.Operations strategy. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Ward, J. and Peppard, J., 2016.The Strategic Management of Information Systems: Building a Digital Strategy. John Wiley Sons. Whittington, R., 2014. Information systems strategy and strategy-as-practice: a joint agenda.The Journal of Strategic Information Systems,23(1), pp.87-91.

Writing Tips on How to Write a Lab Report

Lab reports are a crucial component of lab courses. Many students experience difficulties in writing such papers. The main reason for this situation is that the students do not know how to organize the entire process from lab experimentation to the final task of writing the report. However, with the requisite guidance, it is very easy to write a remarkable paper. What Is a Lab Report? Ð ¡omprehensive Answer A lab report is an account of all the activities undertaken during a laboratory experiment. It includes an explanation of the aims of the research, the meaning of the results and what information you gained from the activity. Some instructors require students to submit the work as part of a lab report notebook while others will need a separate paper. Advice on How to Write a Good Lab Report To improve your skill in writing this type of paper, you need to observe the following tips. First, carry out the experiment within the laboratory. During the process, follow all the procedures in the experiment manual and keenly take note of any observations. Record all the results in the order they were obtained. These steps will help you write an organized lab report that is easy to read and understand. How Can I Learn How to Structure a Lab Report? The lab report structure might vary depending on the instructions of your teacher. In this case, you should follow the guidelines of your faculty to avoid using the wrong format. However, there is a general structure that is widely accepted across many institutions. It is structured as follows: Title page Introduction Body Results Discussion Conclusion Your Quality Guide on How to Start a Lab Report The first step in writing your lab report is the title page. Within this page, you need to include details such as experiment title, your name, and names of any other lab partners, your instructor’s name and the date you performed the experiment or submitted the report. Your title should be short; make it ten words or less. It should properly describe the purpose of the experiment. Writing a Lab Report Introduction In most instances, the introduction section of a lab report consists of one paragraph. It explains the purpose or objectives of the study. State your hypothesis in a single sentence. Sometimes the introduction may have background information. Steps in Writing a Lab Report Body The body section of a lab report contains various sections. Each segment highlights an important process of the experiment. This section includes materials, methods, data, results, discussions and the conclusion. Materials List all the tools you utilized during the entire practical activity. Methods Describe each step you undertook during the experiment. Give sufficient details to enable the reader to understand your paper properly. Write it as if you are giving someone else instructions on how to conduct the same experiment. Data Most numerical data should be represented in a table. Data entails every detail you recorded during the experiment. It should only include facts and no explanations or interpretations. In case your study involves some statistics, you can use methods of statistical data representation. These are bar graphs, pie charts, histograms, line graphs, and proportional circles among others. Results Describe what the results mean. At times this section can be combined with discussions. i.e (Results Discussions). Analysis/Discussion This section should contain any calculations made based on values derived from the data section. Interpret the information and determine whether the experiment accepted or rejected your hypothesis. Discuss any mistakes made during the exercise. You can also give suggestions on how future experiments can be conducted more effectively within the same study. Writing the Lab Report Conclusion The conclusion emphasizes the discovered hypothesis. The information can then be used to support or disprove a given theory or concept. In case the writer utilized external sources while undertaking the literature review, they should provide the relevant citations. You can also include an appendix section after the conclusion to explain specific jargon used in your study. End with the bibliography section. Send a Request Today If you are experiencing problems with lab reports, we can help with that. Contact us or place your orders and receive superb reports at affordable rates. Our college writing service is ready to help you with any tasks.

Free Essays on Tragedy In Oedipus Rex

If we look closer at the term ‘tragedy’ it represents serious and important actions, which turn out disastrously for the protagonist. From this definition we can clearly label Millers’ ‘Death of a Salesman’ and Sophocles’ ‘Oedipus Tyrannus’ as tragedies in their own right. Dramatic tragedy from ancient times to the nineteenth century generally has one central character who moves from good to bad fortune, through suffering to awareness. Sophocles wrote ‘Oedipus Tyrannus’, a classical tragedy during a period of both extraordinary intellectual and artistic energy and crisis. Under its leader Pericles, Athens became the most powerful city-state in Greece. In a society as deeply traditional as ancient Greece, old ways of thinking often persist alongside the new, thus Greek tragedy and particularly Sophoclean tragedy is a kind of dialogue between the old and the new. According to Aristotle, ‘The plot of Greek tragedy involves the fall of a noble man caused by hamartia.’ Oedipus has essential features of a tragic hero; moral stature and greatness of personality. Willy Loman does not possess either moral stature or greatness of personality; he seems more pathetic and ‘worm-like’ than respected. This may be one of the reasons why the twentieth century tragedy ‘Death of a Salesman’ has been neglected the title of a ‘tragedy’ by some critics. Miller himself has stated, â€Å"The inevitable conclusion is, of course, that the tragic mode is archaic, fit only for the very highly placed, the kings or the kingly..† This may be true when we think of other tragic literature; Lear, Hamlet and Macbeth were all of high stature. Euripides wrote, ‘sad stories of great men last longer.’ In this case Willy Loman would not have been a memorable character at all. Oedipus’s suffering and defeat does arouse both pity and fear. We feel pity because he is not in control of his downfall: the Gods determine his forthco... Free Essays on Tragedy In Oedipus Rex Free Essays on Tragedy In Oedipus Rex If we look closer at the term ‘tragedy’ it represents serious and important actions, which turn out disastrously for the protagonist. From this definition we can clearly label Millers’ ‘Death of a Salesman’ and Sophocles’ ‘Oedipus Tyrannus’ as tragedies in their own right. Dramatic tragedy from ancient times to the nineteenth century generally has one central character who moves from good to bad fortune, through suffering to awareness. Sophocles wrote ‘Oedipus Tyrannus’, a classical tragedy during a period of both extraordinary intellectual and artistic energy and crisis. Under its leader Pericles, Athens became the most powerful city-state in Greece. In a society as deeply traditional as ancient Greece, old ways of thinking often persist alongside the new, thus Greek tragedy and particularly Sophoclean tragedy is a kind of dialogue between the old and the new. According to Aristotle, ‘The plot of Greek tragedy involves the fall of a noble man caused by hamartia.’ Oedipus has essential features of a tragic hero; moral stature and greatness of personality. Willy Loman does not possess either moral stature or greatness of personality; he seems more pathetic and ‘worm-like’ than respected. This may be one of the reasons why the twentieth century tragedy ‘Death of a Salesman’ has been neglected the title of a ‘tragedy’ by some critics. Miller himself has stated, â€Å"The inevitable conclusion is, of course, that the tragic mode is archaic, fit only for the very highly placed, the kings or the kingly..† This may be true when we think of other tragic literature; Lear, Hamlet and Macbeth were all of high stature. Euripides wrote, ‘sad stories of great men last longer.’ In this case Willy Loman would not have been a memorable character at all. Oedipus’s suffering and defeat does arouse both pity and fear. We feel pity because he is not in control of his downfall: the Gods determine his forthco...

Bullwhip Efect Barilla Spa

The Bullwhip Effect and Barilla SpA The Bullwhip Effect is an observed phenomenon in forecast-driven distribution channels where there is variability up the supply chain. Some of its causes are: Dependent demand processing Forecast Errors Adjustment of inventory control parameters with each demand observation Lead Time Variability (forecast error during replenishment lead time) Lot-sizing/order synchronization Trade promotion and forward buying Anticipation of shortages One way to achieve this is to establish a demand-driven supply chain which reacts to actual customer orders. The result is near-perfect visibility of customer demand and inventory movement throughout the supply chain. Better information leads to better inventory positioning and lower costs throughout the supply chain. Methods intended to reduce uncertainty, variability, and lead time: †¢Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) †¢Just In Time replenishment (JIT) †¢Strategic partnership †¢Information sharing †¢Smooth the flow of products ocoordinate with retailers to spread deliveries evenly oreduce minimum batch sizes osmaller and more frequent replenishments

English literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

English literature - Essay Example The two heroes fought in opposing sides during the Trojan wars and their encounters are accounted in odyssey and Aeneid respectively. Odysseus ruled Ithaca and he is regarded as one of the greatest kings and hero of his time. On the other hand, Aeneas was a warrior from Troy who had a Roman/Italian heritage. The two characters share many similarities in their upbringing and attitude towards nobility. Born in noble families, the two heroes chose to defy some norms associated with their social class. However, they were both religious and true to their calling and social status. Certainly, Odysseus and Aerneas had different social status and commanded different forms of respect from their followers and fellow citizens. The two characters reveal how the Romans and Greek valued brevity and war heroes. Indeed, the two characters gained their status from two different events/wars that are rather similar. Odysseus earned his title from a brave idea that led to victory during the battle of th e Trojans. During this episode, Odysseus plan and execute a heroic move by sending alcohol to Greek soldiers. After the Greeks were drunk and asleep, Odysseus and his men descended on them slaughtering them all. Similarly, Aeneas gave motivational talks to the Trojans before they went into the battlefield. Certainly, Odysseus and arenas had a different perspective and obligations to the republic. Aerneas believed that each Roman citizen had a duty and a responsibility towards the state. According to his thinking, every Roman citizen had to remain pious and royal to the Roman race. The character upheld the two virtues and, he believed that the virtues had attached costs and rewards. Aerneas also complied with the will of the gods. He believed that they were the custodians of human destiny and his sole counsel. This is the main difference between the Greek’s outlook toward mortality and personal conduct. In the course of his mission, Aerneas gains and command respect from the p eople leading to the creation of the Roman Empire. The Arneoid depicts that Aerneas sacrificed worldly pleasures for the sake of the Republic. For example, he failed to engage in sexual pleasure with women as other worriers did. According to him, the act was holly and it was meant for procreation rather than for pleasure. This basic virtue was to be included in the newly established Roman culture. Moreover, Aerneas chose to forsake his lover Dido in order to be in the Roman army. This shows his dedication to the service of the republic. Question 2 The New Testament is the textual basis for what became a new civilization, one that largely substituted Christian teachings for the religious, philosophical, and social values that prevailed in the classical, that is the Greek and Roman world. The New Testament particular the New Testament has considerable similarity with the works of profound classical authors such as Homer, Plato, and Virgil. The New Testament has outstanding contradicti on with other classical literature. In particular, the New Testament is written from a spiritual perspective rather than a worldly perspective. Certainly, nearly all classical writers had an ideal physical republic or a city that defined their views towards life and the role of humanity. On the other hand, Jesus referred to the heavenly kingdom that did not resemble anything in this world, as we know it. In this reference, the heavily kingdom as portrayed in the New Testament

Project Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 3

Project Management - Assignment Example It also develops ways to integrate these resources within the organizational context and the wider company strategy for management of wide-ranging interpersonal issues that might crop up in the organization. The given business is that of a car manufacturing company that is undergoing a scale improvement in business practices. From a regular business of buying from the manufacturer and selling cars on a retail basis, the company is transforming into full scale car assembly and manufacturing business along with the selling strategy. This transformation involves a number of hiring and recruitment processes of individuals with different skill sets so that necessary resources are well utilized with a strong human resource team. For the purpose of business expansion, the human resource management decides to recruit staff that shall have specific skill sets at each level of the manufacturing process, so that the entire production line has specialized and skilled employees (Cole, 2002). In case of this project, the company shall need to hire about 40 new people at various positions and different levels of the employee hierarchy. These employees shall be distributed within the Purchasing, Receiving, Manufacturing and the Sales departments. It is believed that the highest recruitment shall go towards the sale team because it is an enlarged part of the business team. The car manufacturing process is highly automatic and hence, shall not require many people in the manufacturing task (Harrison, 2000). The revamped business has been started afresh and the team shall make use of existing staff as higher level managers while hiring staff posited below them. This activity will recruit one person who shall be responsible for overseeing well-functioning of the manufacturing activity and assure that all different activities in the process of manufacturing are well aligned. Another twelve individuals shall look into goods transfer to point of sale and

Body strength Essay Example for Free

Body strength Essay Overall I enjoyed completing the circuit training and was very pleased with the way in which the PEP developed all the different aspects of my fitness. The chosen method of training and the specific exercises were relevant to the game of basketball and the level of intensity was suitable for me. The overload and progression worked well and defiantly made me work hard. I now understand how to implement gradual changes to the intensity without risking injury and fatigue. I also have a better understanding of the need for adequate recovery time and the importance of a proper cool-down period. Before following this PEP I used to only spend time warming-up. The exercises were followed safely and the quick safety check of equipment was carried out each session. The retest results show I have improved in all areas of fitness. I was particularly pleased with the vertical jump and flexibility results. These improvements have allowed me to be more effective in the matches I am playing and I am starting to make less mistakes in my passing and shooting skills. I also seem to be more effective under the basket when rebounding. However I still feel I need to develop my upper body strength. I found the evaluation of each individual session useful and will continue to do this in the future, not only for training but matches to make my goal setting more effective. The PEP helped my levels of motivation, as I wanted to constantly strive for improvement as well as my levels of concentration. Because I was getting tired I found I had to focus on the technique and I have started to transfer this to the game situation which has helped my skill performance. I will continue to incorporate circuit training into my overall programme and aim to gradually increase the work intensity, after reducing the recovery time between the circuits. The warm-up was good and I felt the passive stretching really helped. I coped well with the increase in work time and was pleased with the level of intensity I sustained. But I did lose my concentration on a few exercises during the last circuit and didnt complete a full range of movement on some of the upper body exercises. After the first session I did feel sore around the shoulders and hopefully the extra time spent stretching during the cool-down will help the DOMS. Considerations for next session The intensity of work load should remain the same, as well as the exercises on each station. However I feel the recovery between the stations could be reduced slightly, but between the circuits the activity should not be altered, as too many changes may be too much for me to cope with and produce poor quality exercises. I also need to focus and concentrate on completing a full range of movement on the few upper body exercises I struggled with on the final circuit. Overall I enjoyed completing the circuit training and was very pleased with the way in which the PEP developed all the different aspects of my fitness. The chosen method of training and the specific exercises were relevant to the game of basketball and the level of intensity was suitable for me. The overload and progression worked well and definitely made me work hard. I now understand how to implement gradual changes to the intensity without risking injury and fatigue. I also have a better understanding of the need for adequate recovery time and the importance of a proper cool down period. Before following this PEP is used to only spend time warming up. The exercises were followed safely and the quick safety check of equipment was carried out each session. The retest results how I have improved in all areas of fitness. I was particularly pleased with the vertical jump and flexibility results. These improvements have allowed me to be more effective in the matches I am playing and I am starting to make less mistakes in my passing and shooting skills. I also seem to be more effective under the basket when rebounding. However I still feel I need to develop my upper body strength. I found the evaluation of each session useful and will continue to do this in the future, not only for training but matches to make my goal setting more effective. The PEP helped my levels of motivation as I wanted to constantly strive for improvement as well as my levels of concentration. Because I was getting tired I found I had to focus on the technique and I have started to transfer this to the game situation which has helped my skill performance. I will continue to incorporate circuit training into my overall programme and aim to gradually increase the work intensity, after reducing the recovery time between the circuits.

The Tyrant rulers of people who mean to

â€Å"†¦tours the underworld and sees a swarm of anguished souls, barred from heaven and hell doomed to limbo. They were the neutrals whose lives meant nothing...† (Pg. 326- the great refusal) Throughout the course of our history we have been exposed to such brutality, and inevitable suffering of individuals seeking out a freedom that was rightfully theirs. Just as Marjane from the veil did, martin Luther king was in the path of soon becoming the next millennium. With the help of the declaration of independence they would reclaim the god given rights of the people whom had become oblivious and had no true leader to end their suffering. The declaration of independence (1st draft) states that all men have unalienable rights. Rights that consisting of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. However when these ends are violated by the very government that was implemented for protection, it is the responsibility of the people to overthrow that government. â€Å"He has waged cruel war against human nature itself†¦ the opprobrium of infidel powers, is the warfare of the Christian king†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The declaration of independence gives countries the liberty to rule as independent states. However it gives people full power in certifying that the government implemented in each state does not violate his position as leader. When a leader like the Christian king of Great Britain violates such â€Å"sacred rights† like those of liberty and life; when they took those natives against their will making them slaves when they had done nothing to him; People would have the choice to come in unison a nd remove whoever violates the security of freedom. In 1980 it becomes obligatory for girls to wear a veil to school. The girls not unders... ...e declaration that we all are in possession of our own â€Å"Life, Liberty and pursued of happiness† meaning that all race, gender and religious people in America have the rights to; be self-independent, free to live their own life, and free to live any kind of life style they please. In the veil the women and girls are forced to wear a veil. When Marjane heard about the first great prophet in Zarathustra she too wanted everyone to treat each other with a good manor, to show respect, and be fair with one another in the society. So she promises to bring justice, love and the wrath of god to ever one. Martin Luther king Jr and Marjane were too regular personnel’s who chose to change the destiny of their country and with the help of the declaration of independence were on their way to becoming the next millennium helping everyone else wake up from oblivion and take a stand.

Effects of World War 2 Essay

â€Å"Economic effects was the most important effect of World War 2.† To what extent do you agree? World War 2 (WW2) was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945 and it originated from early conflict within Europe. It involved many of the leading powers of the World including the great powers and became the most widespread war in history. The ending of WW2 led to three very important effects: social, political and economic; that greatly shaped the post-war world. I disagree that economic effects was the most important effect of WW2 because it did not last very long and did not affect a large scope of people as compared to other factors. The criteria used to evaluate the social, political and economic effects of WW2 is the duration of which the effect lasted for, the scope of people it affected and its magnitude. Economic effects did meet the magnitude and duration criteria. However, it did not fulfil the other criteria and it is ultimately political effects that is determine d as the main effect of WW2 because it fulfilled all the criteria and largely impacted the post-war world. The first criteria will be the duration of which the effect lasted for. Economic effects did not meet this criteria because the effects of financial aid that the US and USSR provided lasted for a long time. For example, the International Monetary Fund created in 1944 still exists and has lent money to countries to protect their currencies in times of difficulty. The financial aid was only provided for a short period of time just to help Europe recover from the consequences of the disastrous war. However, the effects of this still exists today and therefore economic effects fulfilled this criteria. Social effects of WW2 included a change in gender roles and family structure, more importantly, the role of women in post-war world. There was a wider range of jobs that women could take on after WW2, however, women were still treated badly as compared to the men. After WW2, women became more confident and they decided to create more feminist movements and campaigns for equal pay and rights. As of today, feminist movements are still being conducted and this shows us how these campaigns are being influence by wartime experience. The recent HeforShe campaign created by the United Nations (UN) ne wly appointed Ambassador Emma Watson serves as an example of a feminist movement influenced by the other campaigns that were sparked up because of WW2. This is why social effects fulfils this criteria  as it still impacts the world today and therefore, is a long-term effect. Political effects included the nuclear age and the development of atomic weapons after WW2. The atomic bombing of Japan in Hiroshima and Nagasaki had a profound effect on the pot-war world. Between 1945 and 2000, 128,000 nuclear weapons were built. The nuclear escalation after WW2 started as more countries other than the US and USSR started to build nuclear weapons. The consequences of political effects still exists because countries are still building nuclear weapons as it is seen as a display of power and therefore political effects fulfils this criteria. Therefore, all these factors fulfil this criteria. The second criteria will be the scope of people the effect affected. Economic effects did not meet this criteria because world trade, a result of economic effects actually only affected Europe and the US only and had not direct impact on the world internationally. For example, when the US pressed for freer trade, Western Europe began to co-operate economically and tried to lower i ts tariffs. Economic effects did not meet this criteria because it only majorly impacted Europe and the US and not the rest of the world. Social effects also did not meet this criteria because it only affected the minorities in society like the blacks and women. In the Southern states, black labour increased and this gave black people more job opportunities which gave the blacks a wider experience of the world. Evidently, social effects only affected minor groups of people and does not fulfil this criteria. Political effects included greater unity and international co-operation. The large scale defence organisations like the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation of 1949 and regional pacts like the South East Asia Treaty Organisation set a precedent for the many international organisations that started. All these measures are taken so that countries can resolve conflicts using negotiations instead of war and this allowed the maintenance of peace amongst most of the world. Political effects is the only factor that fulfilled this criteria. The third criteria will be the magnitude of the effect and how large its impact was on post-war world. Even though financial help from the US lasted only for a short period of time, it caused the greatest economic impact on Europe. By 1952, Europe not only recovered from its initial poverty but was also on the edge of its greatest economic boom in history. Econ omic effects had a large impact of Europe and this is why it fulfils this criteria. Social effects did not cause as large  of a magnitude because its effects were mediocre. It is indeed true that women were more confident and freer from demands at home but there were no drastic changed to social systems as women were still considered beneath men. Even today, there is no gender equality as men in most parts of the world still receive more pay and rights than women. This is why social effects does not fulfil this criteria. Political effects caused the development of the cold war which was considered one of the most significant consequences of WW2. It greatly impacted Europe, making Western and Eastern Europe more divided. The cold war was a battle over ideology, making the distinction between the US and USSR even clearer. The cold war was also the closest the world ever came to another atomic war. The two superpowers of that time possessed nuclear weapons that would have been extremely detrimental to the world if launched. Political effects impacted the world to a great magnitude because the cold war included the two superpowers during that time and it caused a greater division between Western and Eastern Europe. Economic effects and political effects fulfilled this criteria. After comparing the different factors with this set of criteria, I still disagree that economic effects was the most significant effect of WW2. Economic effects only fulfilled the magnitude and scope criteria and therefore is not the most important effect. I believe that political effects is the main effect of WW2 because it fulfilled the most criteria. It was a long-term effect of war and affected large amounts of people. It also impacted the post-war world to a great extent and this is why it should be considered as the most important effect of WW2. Economic effects did pull Europe out of poverty and it also lasted very long but it did not affect the world internationally. It was only limited to Europe and the US. Social effects only satisfied the duration criteria as feminist movements still exist in the modern world today and were influenced by the WW2. On the other hand, political effects lasted very long and also pushed for better international relations that strongly impacted post-war world. Therefore, political effects is the most important effect of WW2.

Power in of Mice and Men Essay

The theme of power is prevalent throughout the novel Of Mice and Men. Steinbeck uses various methods and techniques to establish the dynamics of power on the ranch. In the first extract, George and Lennie are in the brush and we get a strong sense of George’s parental control over Lennie, but it also shows how Lennie’s physical stature gives him a degree of power over George. In extract two we meet Curley for the first time, and his authority over the ranch workers is clearly asserted through the various ways in which Steinbeck describes him. And finally, in extract three, we see the first fight of the novel. The fight is very diverse in how it portrays power. At different stages in the fight some people have more authority over others and we see how the workers feel more powerful together as opposed to individually. In this extract the ‘hierarchy’ of power on the ranch is very shaken up. Extract one focuses on George and Lennie’s relationship. Even from the onset words such as ‘’timidly’’, ‘’softly’’, and ‘’gently’’ help to establish the dynamics of their relationship. These words portray Lennie as a weak, almost fragile character in contrast to words such as ‘’jerked’’, ‘’scowled’’, and ‘’bastard’’ which portray George as impatient and annoyed, almost like an exasperated parent. Steinbeck uses a multitude of exclamation marks to emphasise George’s frustration. Ellipses are also used throughout the extract to show how Lennie hesitates and stutters though his sentences. This clearly shows that he is unable to recall information and is, at times, very nervous. This reiterates the fact that George holds the reins of power in the relationship. It is significant, maybe, that Steinbeck describes George as a ‘’little man’’. It points out that physical stature does not equate power in this relationship. If this was not true the tables would be turned as Lennie towers over George, which is why it is strange that he is so reliant on George. This really shows how Lennie is less powerful. Lennie’s metal disability makes him vulnerable because he is unable to retain information. This is shown through Lennie’s very simple language. â€Å"..But it didn’t do no good† Steinbeck also uses many question marks to show how Lennie is constantly asking questions and therefore constantly seeking guidance from George, and again, that’s what gives George the edge over Lennie. When discussion moves to the bus tickets and work cards Lennie realises that he doesn’t have his. â€Å"He looked down at the ground in despair† which shows that he is ashamed and perhaps a little frightened of George’s reaction, but Steinbeck then goes on to say that George took responsibility for both of the work cards, knowing that Lennie could not be trusted. This, again, demonstrates the balance of power and shows that both George and Lennie are aware of how much power the other possesses. After looking for his work card in his pocket, Lennie take out a mouse to which George replies sharply. â€Å"What’d you take outta that pocket?† George’s tone is accusatory which shows that he is astute. He then continues to bombard Lennie with questions, which gives Lennie the chance to demonstrate another type of power – his cunning. He attempts to deceive George. â€Å"Ain’t a thing in my pocket† Although childlike, this sentence shows that Lennie’s mind is able to think of plans. How would he keep the mouse? By attempting to deceive George. Eventually, George’s patience wears thin and he exclaims â€Å"Give it here!† shouting at Lennie like a parent. Throughout the extract George issues a multitude of orders to Lennie. â€Å"You ain’t gonna say a word†, â€Å"We’re gonna work†, â€Å"You jus’ stand there†. These commands show just how pliable Lennie is and how George uses his power to make Lennie comply. George also uses idle threats to manipulate Lennie. â€Å"†¦if I didn’t have you on my tail†. This, again, shows George’s parental control over Lennie and goes hand in hand with his use of the dream to make Lennie work. Just as a child would get no presents at Christmas, Lennie would not be allowed to tend the rabbits if he steps out of line. But, as much as George chastises Lennie, he does give him appropriate encouragement. â€Å"Good boy. That’s swell.† Extract two focuses on Curley. When he enters the bunkhouse his authority over the ranch workers becomes very apparent. Steinbeck says that â€Å"he wore a work glove† and â€Å"he wore high-heeled boots†. The simple fact that Curley has to wear certain items of clothing suggests that his authority is somewhat artificial as opposed to Slim, whose power comes naturally. It is important to note how Curley’s body language changes when he notices the new men. He â€Å"glanced coldly†, â€Å"his hands closed into fists† and â€Å"his glance was at once calculating and pugnacious†. This kind of body language is very aggressive and he uses it to dominate the men. â€Å"Lennie squirmed under the look and shifted nervously on his feet† which shows that Curley’s power is very obvious and he continues to assert his power by invading Lennie’s personal space and speaking to him with a very brusque tone. Curley is quick to confront Len nie, as he feels like Lennie will be a threat dure to his size. â€Å"Let the big guy talk.† Lennie is unsure of how to respond to this and â€Å"twisted with embarrassment† which shows just how debilitated he is. As usual, George stands up for him and challenges Curley’s power. George has a very monosyllabic tone of voice when speaking to Curley which shows that he does not feel the need to elaborate and is perhaps being defiant. â€Å"Yeah, it’s that way.† Lennie looks helplessly to George for instruction when given the chance to talk which again demonstrates George’s power over him. Eventually, when Lennie does speak, he speaks â€Å"softly† which suggests a lack of power and perhaps a degree of uncertainty. Curley starts to get aggressive with Lennie, but the anger is totally unprovoked. Even Candy is wary of Curley’s power and â€Å"looked cautiously at the door to make sure no one was listening† before telling George that Curley is the boss’s son and that he is â€Å"pretty handy†. In this role, authority is implicit and Curley evidently has a lot of physical power if he is being described as â€Å"handy† by the other ranch workers. This is important to note in extract three when Lennie and Curley have a fight. At the beginning of extract three, Curley feels his power is being threatened by Carlson. He uses very authorial body language to regain this power but it is in vein as the ra nch workers feel comfortable standing up for themselves when they are together. Carlson lectures Curley on how he isn’t as powerful as he likes to think. Candy â€Å"joined [Carlson’s attack] with joy† and this is far from how Candy was acting at the end of extract two. Again, the ranch workers feel safer in large groups. Perhaps Curley decides to fight Lennie because he wants to demonstrate his strength and feels that Lennie is the weakest of the workers, therefore, the easiest to fight. Curley â€Å"stepped over to Lennie like a terrier†. Here Steinbeck, yet again, uses a simile to describe the invasion of Lennie’s personal space. â€Å"Then Curley’s rage exploded† and he uses a lot of expletives to provoke Lennie. This can be compared to George’s language and how he curses at Lennie calling him a â€Å"big bastard†. Perhaps Curley’s reaction is so vicious because he is afraid of being humiliated in front of the workers. â€Å"Lennie looked helplessly at George† which shows that he is weak, but more so vulnerable. Yet again, he looks to George for direction. At first, Lennie doesn’t fight back because he knows that if he gets himself into trouble he won’t be allowed to tend the rabbits, although when Curley starts getting very violent George encourages Lennie to fight back. â€Å"Get him, Lennie. Don’t let him do it.† The fact that Lennie has to be told by George to protect himself shows just how much leadership George has when it comes to Lennie. The line â€Å"I said get him† also emphasises George’s control. Lennie, however, redeems himself and crushes Curley’s hand. Lennie is so adamant to do what George has told him to do that he stills holds on to Curley’s fist even though George is slapping him and telling him to stop. â€Å"George slapped him in the face again and again, and still Lennie held on to the closed fist.† In conclusion, I think it is difficult to define the most powerful man on the ranch as Steinbeck presents so many different types of power; innate, physical, implicit, parental etc. Throughout all three of the extracts the balance of power shifts frequently, but authority is always evident. Steinbeck shows it very cleverly and subtly, almost manipulating the reader to anticipate certain reactions from certain characters which is why I find these extracts so engaging to read.

Health and Human Services essays

Health and Human Services essays The Department of Health and Human Services is the United States government's principal agency for protecting the health of all Americans and providing essential human services, especially for those who are least able to help themselves. The Department includes more than 300 programs, covering a wide spectrum of activities. Some of these programs include: Medical and social science research Preventing outbreak of infectious disease, including immunization services Assuring food and drug safety Medicare (health insurance for elderly and disabled Americans) and Financial assistance for low-income families Improving maternal and infant health Head Start (pre-school education and services) Preventing child abuse and domestic violence Substance abuse treatment and prevention Services for older Americans, including home-delivered meals Comprehensive health services delivery for American Indians and Alaska Natives HHS is the largest grant making agency in the federal government, providing some 60,000 grants per year. HHS' Medicare program is the nation's largest health insurer, handling more than 900 million claims per year. HHS also works closely with state, local and tribal governments, and many HHS-funded services are provided at the local level by state, county or tribal agencies, or through private sector grantees. The Department's programs are administered by 11 HHS operating divisions. In addition to the services they deliver, the HHS programs provide for equitable treatment of beneficiaries nationwide, and they enable the collection of national health and other data. The Secretary of HHS under President Clinton was Donna E. Shalala. She was born in Cleveland, Ohio, and educated at Western College. After graduating in 1962, she served two years i ...

WASH ASSISTANT Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

WASH ASSISTANT - Personal Statement Example tional Rescue Committee (IRC) based in Garowe in Somalia because I possess the potential, prerequisite knowledge and experience required to make a difference. According to Godfrey (2005), the IRC responds to the worst humanitarian crisis in the world by helping people survive and rebuild their lives. The IRC’s objectives and goals inspire me to contribute to alleviating the suffering of people afflicted by calamities, and in the process acquire more experience and knowledge with regard to disaster management. My training on several essential WASH courses with redr.uk on mock WASH cluster gives me an added advantage. This is borne out of the fact that during these training sessions I have to collaborate with other WASH actors in identifying and addressing gaps in an emergency response. Given this opportunity to work with the IRC in Garowe in Somalia, I will be able to apply and test the viability of the proposed strategies to address the gaps in emergency response. My focus will be to address and enhance WASH protocols in a bid to improve disaster emergency responses by filling the gaps identified. This will include conducting household water and hygiene promotion and assessments to gauge the safety and appropriateness of available water sources in use during and after disasters. This will be in an effort to mitigate the effects of unsanitary water sources in calamities. To this effect, my experiences will enable me to easily identify WASH related factors needed to control and eliminate neglected tropical and respiratory diseases. This has also enabled me to formulate prevention strategies against water borne diseases and water related insect vector disease phenomena, which I can apply to improve the capacity of

British Politics Shaped By The FPTP Electoral System Essay

British Politics Shaped By The FPTP Electoral System - Essay Example British elections follow the plurality voting system. It is the responsibility of the people to vote for representatives of their constituency and will, therefore, elect a candidate of their choice from the competing political parties. There are approximately six hundred and fifty constituencies in the UK that have to be contested by the multiple parties in elections. Under the FPTP, political parties take time to invest and campaign for their candidates and parties, so as to influence the majority people to elect them. After the First World War, several changes in the electoral system of Britain occurred. The constituencies were divided into approximately equal proportions based on the population from which the FPTP electoral system would operate in. With the 1918 reform, additional groups of people such as the soldiers who had returned from war and the groups of women who had achieved the minimum property qualification affected the size of the electorate. For the first time, the nu mber of voters had almost tripled. Under the new FPTP system, each qualified voter from a constituency has been required to vote for a single candidate from a list given in the ballot paper. The assumption is that the candidate who gets most votes compared to other individual candidates wins the election to qualify for the representative in the constituency. This method has by far been the simplest and regarded as the voice of the majority. No doubt that conservative party can be regarded as the dominant political party of the 20th century.

Comparison and contrast between lasagna and a pizza Essay

Comparison and contrast between lasagna and a pizza - Essay Example Lasagna and pizza are two of the most popular foods made traditionally in oven. While there are other ways to make both lasagna and pizza that obviate the use of oven, yet the best results are achieved only with the use of oven. Although they are lasagna has many layers while pizza has only one layer unless there is a special kind of pizza. Layers of lasagna are repetitive. The basic form of lasagna has tomato sauce at the base of the dish over which lasagna strips are laid. They serve as a bed for the meat over which white sauce is drizzled. These layers are repeated till almost the top of the dish is reached. Lastly, grated cheese is laid on the top. On the other hand, a pizza is not made with such repetitive layers of ingredients. In the case of a pizza, there is a base that is known as crust. The sauce is poured over the base, and different sorts of toppings are laid over it. Like lasagna, a pizza is also topped with cheese. The purpose of cheese on the top both in the case of a lasagna and a pizza is to develop a thick and crunchy crust after the dish is grilled. The fundamental element that differentiates between lasagna and pizza is the basic white flour bread. The thickness of that base, its texture, and taste greatly differs when the two dishes are compared. While lasagna strips are only few millimeters in thickness i.e. normally 5 mm each, pizza crust is anywhere from 1 to 2 cm. The thickness of lasagna strips is mostly standard and varies only by 1 or 2 mm., there exists a great variety of thicknesses of pizza crust e.g. there are thin-crust pizzas and thick-crust pizzas. Most people use factory made lasagna strips because the machine used in making that uniform thickness is not used in most homes. In contrast to that, most people make pizza crusts at home by kneading white flour with yeast. Lasagne strips and pizza base also differ in that lasagna strips are cooked once they are boiled before the dish is placed in the oven whereas pizza crust is raw outside and only gets baked once the pizza has been placed inside the oven. On one hand , lasagne strips are like compact sheets of white flour and have no pores in them. On the other hand, pizza

Disapprobation of Pornography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Disapprobation of Pornography - Essay Example The stigma on pornography basically lies on the negative effect it may leave on the viewer. Indeed, one of my main concerns when it comes to porn is how sexual predators could use it to their advantage. â€Å"In 1970 the U.S. Commission on Obscenity and Pornography essentially gave nonviolent pornography a "clean bill of health," concluding that such materials did not have any demonstrated effects of a damaging personal or social nature.† (Check, 159) However, as pornography became more and more acceptable to society, the level of violence and brutality have increased. Disturbing issues have also arisen such as women’s degradation, gender/racial stereotypes, and juvenile pornography, The violence and bondage scenes in some porn movies, for instance, could send a wrong message or be perceived incorrectly. We must remember that while there is no established definitive causal link between pornography and crime like rape, one study pointed out that "if a person has relatively aggressive sexual inclinations resulting from various personal and/or cultural factors, some pornography exposure may activate and reinforce associated coercive tendencies and behaviors." (Malamuth, Addison, & Koss, 2000, p. 81) Another alarming aspect of pornography is the use of young children in pornographic materials. It scares me to think of the young lives in dysfunctional homes; how are they are taken advantage of, and how they can turn to porn for money or even attention. While there are laws in the US that impose harsh penalties on offenders in this area, the advent of technology and the internet almost render them inutile. A pimp making juvenile pornographic materials can be safely tuc ked in a country with no anti-pornographic laws and yet could make his wares available online to anybody around the world.

Communication Skills and Ethical Practice in IT Service

Communication Skills and Ethical Practice in IT Service Harpreet Singh TASK 1 Definition of Intra and Interpersonal Communication. INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION It has taken place within a single person who observes the situation and creates ideas. For example, there is the ongoing case in a court two lawyer protect their clients by arguing with each other and the judge is the person who is observing the situation and take the decision. Interpersonal communication totally depends on some various aspects like self-concept, perception, and expectation. Self-concept This concept is totally an initial stage of intrapersonal communication, its depend on how a person behave while talking with other and his body language how he is using gestures also his attitude toward the person is he intend to listen to that person although the most import thing is value for the person to whom he is talking all these things define the persons Internal understanding with himself there are lots of things that can affect self-concept. Perception Perception in the simple language what is you thinking about others it can be a person or anything. Expectation Expectation means you expecting something from another person in returns, for example, if you are giving a gift to your friend then you might expect something from him on your birthday. INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION Interpersonal communication is happening between or more two persons, it supposed to be Face to face communication it can be via video calling or interviewer interview candidate so he will ask questions direct away to the interviewee to make the conversation more clear and check that persons IQ level or reaction how he reacts. This type of communication will create a long-term relation between two people because they are sharing their feelings or idea. Interpersonal communication can be done to motivate a person so he can elaborate his in front of public or anyplace it will boost the confidence of a person. This type of communication can be done verbally and non-verbally through messages or emails etc. There are various aspects of Interpersonal communication skills. Interpersonal communication will increase organizational skills like face to face meeting, it can also enhance group communication skill so that a person can speak in the front of the group of people with the confidence. But this skill should be used in the organization. For instance handling an angry customer. It will also add up written communication skills like writing emails to clients in a formal way or writing messaging in daily life is the best example of informal written communication skills. Listening skills plays a vital role in interpersonal communication skills a good communicator always a good listener if a person is not listening other people then he does not have good communication skills. (Faculty buffalostate) Verbal and Non-verbal communication. There are many situations when you tried to explain something but you are not able to explain because of the different language or lack of listening skill or might be some other reason in the day to day life. For example when I came to Auckland I face many problems to adopting kiwi accent or the way they speak so my flight land to Auckland airport, no one is there to pick me up and I asked one of the kiwis in the airport how to reach city he replied me sorry because their accent is different from us then I tried to explain him via my gestures then he understand a bit but not exact what I am trying to tell him then he told me to ask someone who knows your local language by gesture as I am new here to its take too much time to understand their accent for me then as I wrote it down on the piece of paper and he wrote on that paper hire a cab ,then I understand what he is trying to say this the first incident happened with me. After that one day, I tried to identify the barriers like wher e I am lacking and why other people dont understand my accent. Language Barriers: In this as we interact with each other in the same language but speaker use some high vocabulary words that are not used in day to day tasks and the listener not able to understand the meaning of that certain words here the language barriers falls. Like when I came here in Auckland I dont know much about kiwis accent and they use some high vocabulary words that I dont even hear before. Psychological Barriers:- In my situation that kiwi guy might be angry on me but he didnt react that way because he knows how to manage stress or anger in that situation so basically managing stress or anger and giving a feedback is all about overcoming psychological barriers. Cross-cultural barriers:- In this two person having different cultures and values like that kiwi having totally different culture as compare to me so this barrier might fall while I am trying to interact with him. Role of personality and self-management in the learning environment. The role of personality It plays a vital role in the learning environment because it shows the characteristics of a person like his style to speak with his collages and other people around him, behavior, attitude, and how he convey people with his sweetness, calmness and how he seeing the world is all about personality. If that person is not has attitude of learning new things then no one would take him seriously, so the personality in the learning environment is like how a person indulge in curriculum activities, research, active listening, attitude toward his teacher, study and putting question to gain some knowledge like if a person is not interested in a particular subject then he is lacking somewhere he had to show interest if he wants to build a good personality. The role of self-management Self-management refers to how a person manages himself and managing his time, setting aims, self-motivation, building patience, avoid stress, assessing yourself and solving your problem. If you have this kind of skills so your learning will never bother you and it will become a fun activity which helps you to grab more opportunities in your life. Some strategies that will definitely help you in learning environments are:- Time Management Strategies Time management is managing your time whole performing day to day activities. In this, you set your priority like which work is more important for you, how you make a plan to do that tasks and you should utilize that given time period as you can. For example if you are working on a project in the corporate sector then there are certain deadline set by them so its depend upon you how complete that project by making some plan and splitting the work among employees, make a commitment like if there is deadline given by company then you set your deadline before company deadline so the project has to be done between that time period and you achieve your goal. Attitude Strategies Set an attitude because once you set it then other people around you will never judge you like dont make excuses other people around you can take your excuse as their advantage. Concentration Focus on your works dont let other people distract your concentration be an active listener, make a list of task in your mind that you have to perform, try to make busy yourself so you can avoid stress and achieve your goals. (student-learning.tcd.ie, n.d.) Task (2) Example of Intercultural miss-communication. First of all what is culture A culture everything you learn about how to speak, how to behave, how to think about of the things like how you think about another person, these things you will be learned by talking with you neighborhoods, parents, teachers and most important is how you observe them by listening actively. Like Your neighborhood can be a Sikh they go to the Gurudwaras on Sunday and you are following them very steadily here culture falls it is totally your observation towards the world. Now Intercultural communication is two people following different culture their language is diff their dresses sense is diff they hardly talk with each other this is intercultural comm. For example a person working in a company he might be a Christian and there is lots of Hindu working the way that Christian talks are totally different his Facial expression, eye contact, gesture, behavior will create miss-communication between that Hindu worker because they are comfortable to talk to their mother language and another person might have diff mother language so here intercultural miss-communication lies. Case Study: Selena should not have burst out without knowing whats that gesture means for them. It was rude of her to have shouted such words on George. George disrespectfully calling someone for help. As if they have hired you. A communication breakdown happens when two parties cannot understand each other language or gesture. In this case, Selena belonging to the South Asian culture misunderstood what raising a hand and snapping figure could mean in Auckland. Mr. George had snapped his fingers in the air to aware Selena that he needs help. However, in South Asian culture snapping fingers to get someones attention is considered very disrespectful and that you are being dominated by other person. The same gesture having different meanings in different cultures led to a communication breakdown in this case. No, nothing was unreasonable or inconsiderate their behaviors. Both of them were unaware of the different meaning of the gesture and so their reactions were justified. However, since Selena is new to the country she should have learnt some of the kiwi gestures and phrases commonly used. Before bursting out on George she could have asked him what that means or told him its a disrespectful gesture in her culture. Task (3) Advantages and Disadvantages of working in a team Advantages 1 Work has been divided equally A leader having a certain work pressure on him to control this pressure he divides the work to among employee in his team and he makes sure there will be no partiality of workload everyone will put equal effort to complete that work before the deadline. 2 More people more ideas If there is more member in the team then there will be more ideas and creativity in the work it will take your team to another level of the working environment. 3 Enhance leadership skills- Working in a team will always open up your fear of public speaking, it will improve your communication skill and how you present yourself also your initiative in the team you have to put your legs in the hot water. It motivates you lot by sharing your ideas, views etc. 4 Responsibilities have been shared- As I told earlier if the work is divided equally then the responsibilities has also been shared because someone is perfect is some task so the leader should decide which task is given to the which person who can utilize it properly. 5 Relationship Working in the team environment will always build up the good relationship with among team members see the ups and down will happen but at the end, if the work is done effectively and the result is above expectation then it will always create better understanding and a good relation. Disadvantages 1 If something went wrong everyone in the team should be blamed.- When you are performing a team work then you always ensure that is everything thing should be going smoothly if one of the team members did mistake then remember everyone in the team will be blamed. 2 Misunderstanding- Misunderstanding happens when there is miscommunication between all team member like there is a team of 5 members and the leader is giving different tasks to each member and when the team member talk with each other they come to know something else like he has been given the same task to all team member it will create confusions and misunderstanding between him and among team members. 3 Partiality of work- A leader is doing work to overcome from his work pressure when he is giving work to the member of his team who capable more than that limited work other will think this is partiality, they will think he might be his very good friend thats why he is giving him a simple task so the partiality of the work is always there if your leader is doesnt having that observing skill he should know the capability of a person and utilize him as per his capacity. 4 less flexibility Less flexibility leads to late submissions of projects because if the team members are not flexible with each other and they might have to do their own tasks not talking with other might have some ego it will destroy many things. 5 Ideas Collisions Most important thing while performing in the team more people more ideas different people different thinking so there might be confusion for selecting ideas for a leader he has to think of all team members. Factors that affect team performance. TASK1: LIFTING A CAR THAT IS AGROUND IN THE BEACH In this task 4 team member required equal power, coordination, motivation and timing. I will explain each factor required to lifting a car. 1 Equal power: The first most important factor in this all the member in the team should be physically fit and able to put equal power to lift the car. if one of the team members is not fit then it will trouble a lot, the car might be fallen down on his hand. 2 Co-ordination: If you dont coordinate with all team member and you have a plan to pull the car then how can you lift it so make a plan and explain to each teaches member how its work. 3 Motivation: Motivation is the requirement to force him-self, yes you can do it so can do attitude will boast your motivation and you will be indulging in all activities automatically that are performing by your all team members. 4 Timing: If you have all those 3 factors in your team then this will lead you to lift the car by setting a time on that all the team member pull the car together and it will lift easily. TASK2: CLIMBING TO EVEREST To climbing the Everest a team leader must be an experienced one, he should also listen to all the team member because this task requires lots of force one step wrong it will lead to death. In this, each member has to perform an individual task but they have shared their knowledge with each other , also the leader should guide them properly basically the coordination in this task must require. A further thing is motivation willing power are the factor if a person has this quality then he must climbing to Everest. Task4 THREE-FACTOR OF EFFECTIVE CUSTOMER SERVICE: 1 Presenting Yourself When we talk about effective customer service the factor is how you present yourself in the front of the customer talk politely listen to them and keep smiling while communicating with them. 2 Show Care For Them Try to involve with customer as much you can while tell them if you are in that situation what you can do give some solution, and guide them in the right way they will be impressed automatically, giving good services is always a benefit to satisfy customer and try to create good relationship with them so that they can trust you easily. 3 Convincing Power: If you build trust then convince them is more easily but some customer wont convince because their expectation became more from a service representative so you always try to update them by promoting you new products and give them some extra benefits if they will buy they will refer more customer. The main barriers to customer service in IT business. Failure to solve complaints quickly With todays smart generation, people only reach out to customer care Centres of companies only when the problem is real complex. Customer service fails if one isnt able to serve the complex complaint in the first instinct or immediately direct them to the right person to help them out. (Real Business, n.d.) Inability to provide easy access to customers It should be easy for people to contact the companies to get their issues resolved. Their websites or customer care centers should be easily accessible to all. Failure to provide this a big barrier to customer service. (Real Business, n.d.) Not using customer feedbacks Customer feedbacks satisfy the customers as well as help organizations to improve their customer services in the future. They also help the businesses to know areas where they are lacking and can improve. (Real Business, n.d.) Overworked Staff Having less staff or giving a few people lots of tasks can exhaust them which in turn will lead to loss of interest in working properly. No client will be given importance. The employee will just want finish off the tasks and go home. This will result in dissatisfied customers and hence poor customer service. (Entre Propel, n.d.) Underworked Staff Having all the more staff is a barrier too. Underworked staff might feel they have no importance and that they are not challenged or are not appreciated for their work. This in turn can again have a similar effect as the overworked staff has. Employees might take too long to solve issues since they have plenty of time hence delaying the service and dissatisfying customers. (Entre Propel, n.d.) Non-Caring Culture If the environment of the place where you work is not positive and the staff is careless about their work, a good customer service is not given. Customers are not given importance and the result is unhappy customers. (Entre Propel, n.d.) Insufficient Systems Lack of proper technology when dealing with the customer can lead to the slow and poor performance of the staff. Systems with insufficient data about the customers history or any data related to the client act as a barrier to good customer service. (Entre Propel, n.d.) Lack of Incentive Lack of incentives to the staff gives them no reason to perform better customer service. They ll be bored and work just fine without appreciation. Any incentive, monetary or non-monetary, can improve an employees customer service. (Entre Propel, n.d.) Scripted communication Clients prefer communication customized for them, not a scripted service. Even though a scripted communication might be easier for the employees but a little personal touch for every customer makes them feel important and hence a great customer service. (Provide Support, n.d.) Delayed response The most common reason for complaints and dissatisfied customers is that they were put on hold for a very long time. A swift response to their queries is the most important part of an excellent customer service. Waiting customers result in poor customer service. (Provide Support, n.d.) Not valuing the customers Staff should know how to value customers otherwise they will not treat the customers as they are supposed to. Mistreating them leads to poor customer service. (Entre Propel, n.d.) Poor accountability The staff should be held accountable for customer service they provide. Otherwise, they will not try to perform better, they will never be blamed for an unhappy customer and so they wont be willing to improve. Recording and tracking their conversations will result in better customer service. (Entre Propel, n.d.) References (n.d.). Retrieved from student-learning.tcd.ie: https://student-learning.tcd.ie/undergraduate/topics/self-management/ Entre Propel. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.entre-propel.com/: http://www.entre-propel.com/customer-service/8-barriers-to-outstanding-customer-service/ Faculty buffalostate. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://faculty.buffalostate.edu: http://faculty.buffalostate.edu/smithrd/uae%20communication/unit4.pdf Provide Support. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.providesupport.com: http://www.providesupport.com/blog/10-barriers-outstanding-customer-service/ Real Business. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://realbusiness.co.uk: http://realbusiness.co.uk/sales-and-marketing/2013/10/09/10-barriers-to-effective-customer-service/